---
title: Esther 9:24 (JPS 1917) — because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all t… · tree and pragmatics
description: because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast pur, that is, the lot, to discomfit them, and to destroy them; Who acts: Haman, pur. Esther 9:24 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Esther 9:24 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast pur, that is, the lot, to discomfit them, and to destroy them;

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**Who acts:** Haman, pur · **What happens:** devise, destroy, cast, be, discomfit · **To what, where:** Jews, pur, lot

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Esther 9:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Haman, pur), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EST:170
# text = because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast pur, that is, the lot, to discomfit them, and to destroy them;
1	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
2	Haman	Haman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Hammedatha	Hammedatha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Agagite	Agagite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	devised	devise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
20	against	against	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
25	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	_
30	pur	pur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	36	nsubj	_	_
33	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	acl:relcl	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	to	to	PART	TO	_	39	mark	_	_
39	discomfit	discomfit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	advcl	_	_
40	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obj	_	_
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
43	to	to	PART	TO	_	44	mark	_	_
44	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	conj	_	_
45	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	obj	_	_
46	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **devise** | past · perfect | Haman |  |  |  |  | against the Jews | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **destroy** | to-infinitive | Haman *not said here* | Jews *= jew* |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 3 | **cast** | past · perfect | Haman *not said here* | pur |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pur=Product |
| 4 | **is a** | present | pur | the lot |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **discomfit** | to-infinitive | Haman *not said here* | Jews *= jew* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |
| 6 | **destroy** | to-infinitive | Haman *not said here* | Jews *= jew* |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּי֩ הָמָ֨ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֜תָא הָֽאֲגָגִ֗י צֹרֵר֙ כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים חָשַׁ֥ב עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים לְאַבְּדָ֑ם וְהִפִּ֥יל פּוּר֙ ה֣וּא הַגּוֹרָ֔ל לְהֻמָּ֖ם וּֽלְאַבְּדָֽם׃

[Esther 9:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.24/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:170` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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