---
title: Esther 9:25 (JPS 1917) — but when she came before the king, he commanded by letters that his… · tree and pragmatics
description: but when she came before the king, he commanded by letters that his wicked device, which he had devised against the Jews, should return upon his own head; and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows. Who acts: Haman, king, device, wicked device. Esther 9:25 in JPS 1917 with its dependen
---

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# Esther 9:25 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
but when she came before the king, he commanded by letters that his wicked device, which he had devised against the Jews, should return upon his own head; and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Haman, king, device, wicked device · **What happens:** come, command, devise, return, hang · **To what, where:** wicked device, device, gallows · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Esther 9:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Haman, king, device, wicked device), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EST:171
# text = but when she came before the king, he commanded by letters that his wicked device, which he had devised against the Jews, should return upon his own head; and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows.
1	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	obj	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	devised	devise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl:relcl	_	_
22	against	against	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
26	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
28	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
30	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
34	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
35	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj:pass	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	conj	_	_
39	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
40	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	aux:pass	_	_
41	hanged	hang	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	conj	_	_
42	on	on	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	gallows	gallows	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obl	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Haman |  |  |  | before the king |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before king=Location |
| 2 | **command** | past | king |  |  |  |  | by letters | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **devise** | past · perfect | device | king's wicked device |  |  |  | against the Jews | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |
| 4 | **return** | should | king's wicked device |  |  |  |  | upon king's own head | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **hang** | should · passive |  | device |  | the gallows |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on gallows=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּבְבֹאָהּ֮ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ אָמַ֣ר עִם־הַסֵּ֔פֶר יָשׁ֞וּב מַחֲשַׁבְתּ֧וֹ הָרָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־חָשַׁ֥ב עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וְתָל֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֖יו עַל־הָעֵֽץ׃

[Esther 9:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.25/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:171` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Esther 9:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.170/)
- next →: [Esther 9:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.172/)
- ↑ back to [Esther 9:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.25/)