---
title: Esther 3:1 (JPS 1917) — After these things did king Ahasuerus promote Haman the son of Hamme… · tree and pragmatics
description: After these things did king Ahasuerus promote Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and advanced him, and set his seat above all the princes that were with him. Who acts: king Ahasuerus, princes. Esther 3:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Esther 3:1 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After these things did king Ahasuerus promote Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and advanced him, and set his seat above all the princes that were with him.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** king Ahasuerus, princes · **What happens:** promote, advance, set, be · **To what, where:** Haman, seat

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Esther 3:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king Ahasuerus, princes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EST:47
# text = After these things did king Ahasuerus promote Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and advanced him, and set his seat above all the princes that were with him.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Ahasuerus	Ahasuerus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	promote	promote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	Haman	Haman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Hammedatha	Hammedatha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Agagite	Agagite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	advanced	advance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	above	above	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	27	det:predet	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
29	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	acl:relcl	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promote** | past · do-support | king Ahasuerus | Haman |  |  | after this things |  | vn promote-102 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent haman=Theme |
| 2 | **advance** | past | king Ahasuerus *not said here* | Haman |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer he=Patient |
| 3 | **set** | past | king Ahasuerus *not said here* | Ahasuerus's seat |  |  |  | above all princes | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent seat=Theme above prince=Destination |
| 4 | **is** | past | all princes |  |  |  |  | with Ahasuerus | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אַחַ֣ר ׀ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה גִּדַּל֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֜וֹשׁ אֶת־הָמָ֧ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֛תָא הָאֲגָגִ֖י וַֽיְנַשְּׂאֵ֑הוּ וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ אֶת־כִּסְא֔וֹ מֵעַ֕ל כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃

[Esther 3:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:47` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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