--- title: Esther 3:2 (JPS 1917) — And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed dow… · tree and pragmatics description: And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed down, and prostrated themselves before Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him. Who acts: servants, king. Esther 3:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.48/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/) / [3:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.2/) / JPS 1 # Esther 3:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed down, and prostrated themselves before Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him. **Who acts:** servants, king · **What happens:** be, bow down, prostrate, command · **To what, where:** gate, servants · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Esther 3:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (servants, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EST:48 # text = And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed down, and prostrated themselves before Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 2 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 6 det:predet _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod:poss _ _ 5 's 's PART POS _ 4 case _ _ 6 servants servant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 14 nsubj _ _ 9 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod:poss _ _ 13 's 's PART POS _ 12 case _ _ 14 gate gate NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 acl:relcl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 16 bowed bow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 17 down down ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 prostrated prostrate VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 21 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 20 obj _ _ 22 before before ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 Haman Haman PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 25 for for SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 28 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 29 so so ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 30 commanded command VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 16 advcl _ _ 31 concerning concern ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 16 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | the king's servants | | | the king's gate | | | tree rules | | 2 | **bow down** | past | the king's servants | | | | | down *property* | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **prostrate** | past | the king's servants *not said here* | servants *= servant* | | | before Haman | | tree rules | | 4 | **command** | past · perfect | the king | | | | | concern Haman | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְכָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּמִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ לְהָמָ֔ן כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣וֹ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וּמָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְלֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה׃ [Esther 3:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.2/) This verse in JPS 1917: 1. **And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed down, and prostrated themselves before Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him.** 2. [But Mordecai bowed not down, nor prostrated himself before him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.49/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:48` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Esther 3:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.47/) - next →: [Esther 3:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.49/) - ↑ back to [Esther 3:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.2/)