---
title: Esther 3:7 (JPS 1917) — In the first month, which is the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of… · tree and pragmatics
description: In the first month, which is the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of king Ahasuerus, they cast pur, that is, the lot, before Haman from day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfth month, which is the month Adar. Who acts: first month, hands, that, twelfth month. Esther 3:7 in JPS 1917 with i
---

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# Esther 3:7 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the first month, which is the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of king Ahasuerus, they cast pur, that is, the lot, before Haman from day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfth month, which is the month Adar.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** first month, hands, that, twelfth month · **What happens:** be, cast · **To what, where:** month, pur, lot

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Esther 3:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first month, hands, that, twelfth month), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EST:54
# text = In the first month, which is the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of king Ahasuerus, they cast pur, that is, the lot, before Haman from day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfth month, which is the month Adar.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	Nisan	Nisan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	twelfth	twelfth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Ahasuerus	Ahasuerus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	cast	cast	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
22	pur	pur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	28	nsubj	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	before	before	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Haman	Haman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
32	from	from	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
38	from	from	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
40	to	to	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
43	to	to	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	twelfth	twelfth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
48	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	51	nsubj	_	_
49	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	51	cop	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	acl:relcl	_	_
52	Adar	Adar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	appos	_	_
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the first month | the month |  |  | year |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cast** | present | hands *= hand* | pur |  |  | before Haman; day; month |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent pur=Theme before haman=Destination |
| 3 | **is a** | present | that | the lot |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | present | the twelfth month | the month |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
בַּחֹ֤דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ נִיסָ֔ן בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣ים עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ הִפִּ֣יל פּוּר֩ ה֨וּא הַגּוֹרָ֜ל לִפְנֵ֣י הָמָ֗ן מִיּ֧וֹם ׀ לְי֛וֹם וּמֵחֹ֛דֶשׁ לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֥דֶשׁ אֲדָֽר׃ס

[Esther 3:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.7/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:54` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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