--- title: Esther 3:8 (JPS 1917) — And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus: 'There is a certain people scatt… · tree and pragmatics description: And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus: 'There is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of thy kingdom; and their laws are diverse from those of every people; neither keep they the king's laws; therefore it profiteth not the king to suffer them. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Haman, certain people, laws, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EST:55 # text = And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus: 'There is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of thy kingdom; and their laws are diverse from those of every people; neither keep they the king's laws; therefore it profiteth not the king to suffer them. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Haman Haman PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 Ahasuerus Ahasuerus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 flat _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 8 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ _ 9 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 10 expl _ _ 10 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 certain certain ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 14 scattered scatter VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 acl _ _ 15 abroad abroad ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 dispersed disperse VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 conj _ _ 18 among among ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 22 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 24 det:predet _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 provinces province NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 kingdom kingdom NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 30 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 laws law NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 32 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 cop _ _ 33 diverse diverse ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ _ 34 from from ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 those that PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 33 obl _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 38 det _ _ 38 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nmod _ _ 39 ; ; PUNCT : _ 41 punct _ _ 40 neither neither CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 41 cc _ _ 41 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _ 42 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nmod:poss _ _ 45 's 's PART POS _ 44 case _ _ 46 laws law NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 obj _ _ 47 ; ; PUNCT : _ 50 punct _ _ 48 therefore therefore ADV RB _ 50 advmod _ _ 49 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 nsubj _ _ 50 profiteth profit VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 51 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 50 advmod _ _ 52 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 nsubj _ _ 54 to to PART TO _ 55 mark _ _ 55 suffer suffer VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 50 xcomp _ _ 56 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 55 obj _ _ 57 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Haman | | | | | unto king | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **does** | present | a certain people | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **scatter** | participle | | a certain people *not said here* | | | | abroad *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **disperse** | participle | | | | all provinces of thy kingdom | | among the peoples | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **is** | present | people's laws | | | those | | diverse *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **keep** | infinitive | people | the king's laws | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Theme | | 7 | **not** **profit** | present | kingdom | | | | | therefore *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **suffer** | to-infinitive | the king | laws *= law* | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָמָן֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ עַם־אֶחָ֗ד מְפֻזָּ֤ר וּמְפֹרָד֙ בֵּ֣ין הָֽעַמִּ֔ים בְּכֹ֖ל מְדִינ֣וֹת מַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ וְדָתֵיהֶ֞ם שֹׁנ֣וֹת מִכָּל־עָ֗ם וְאֶת־דָּתֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֵינָ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֵין־שֹׁוֶ֖ה לְהַנִּיחָֽם׃ [Esther 3:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.8/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:55` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Esther 3:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.54/) - next →: [Esther 3:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.56/) - ↑ back to [Esther 3:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.8/)