--- title: Esther 3:13 (JPS 1917) — And letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, to des… · tree and pragmatics description: And letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (posts, Jews, twelfth month), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EST:60 # text = And letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 letters letter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 sent send VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 posts post NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 7 into into ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 8 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 12 det:predet _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod:poss _ _ 11 's 's PART POS _ 10 case _ _ 12 provinces province NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 destroy destroy VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 slay slay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 cause cause VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 24 perish perish VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 xcomp _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 27 det _ _ 27 Jews Jew PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 both both CCONJ CC _ 30 cc:preconj _ _ 30 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 conj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 34 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 35 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 women woman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 conj _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 41 nummod _ _ 41 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 43 even even ADV RB _ 47 advmod _ _ 44 upon upon ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 46 thirteenth thirteenth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 47 amod _ _ 47 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 48 of of ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 50 twelfth twelfth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 51 amod _ _ 51 month month NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nmod _ _ 52 , , PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 53 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 56 nsubj _ _ 54 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 56 cop _ _ 55 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 month month NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 acl:relcl _ _ 57 Adar Adar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 56 appos _ _ 58 , , PUNCT , _ 61 punct _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 61 cc _ _ 60 to to PART TO _ 61 mark _ _ 61 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 62 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 63 det _ _ 63 spoil spoil NOUN NN Number=Sing 61 obj _ _ 64 of of ADP IN _ 65 case _ _ 65 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 63 nmod _ _ 66 for for ADP IN _ 68 case _ _ 67 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 68 det _ _ 68 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 61 obl _ _ 69 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **send** | past · passive | posts | letters | | the king's provinces | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | | 2 | **destroy** | to-infinitive | posts *not said here* | | | | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **slay** | to-infinitive | posts *not said here* | | | | | | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **cause** | to-infinitive | posts *not said here* | all Jews and children and women | | | day | | tree rules | | 5 | **perish** | to-infinitive | all Jews and children and women *not said here* | | | | | | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **is a** | present | the twelfth month | the month | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **take** | to-infinitive | posts *not said here* | the spoil of provinces | | | | for a prey | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent spoil=Theme for prey=Beneficiary | | 8 | **spoil** | | | provinces *= province* | | | | | nom spoil «possession transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְנִשְׁל֨וֹחַ סְפָרִ֜ים בְּיַ֣ד הָרָצִים֮ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ לְהַשְׁמִ֡יד לַהֲרֹ֣ג וּלְאַבֵּ֣ד אֶת־כָּל־הַ֠יְּהוּדִים מִנַּ֨עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֜ן טַ֤ף וְנָשִׁים֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֑ר וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃ [Esther 3:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.13/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:60` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Esther 3:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.59/) - next →: [Esther 3:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.61/) - ↑ back to [Esther 3:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.13/)