---
title: Esther 4:1 (JPS 1917) — Now when Mordecai knew all that was done, Mordecai rent his clothes,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now when Mordecai knew all that was done, Mordecai rent his clothes, and put on sackcloth with ashes, and went out into the midst of the city, and cried with a loud and a bitter cry; Who acts: Mordecai. Esther 4:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Esther 4:1 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now when Mordecai knew all that was done, Mordecai rent his clothes, and put on sackcloth with ashes, and went out into the midst of the city, and cried with a loud and a bitter cry;

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**Who acts:** Mordecai · **What happens:** know, do, rend, put on, go out, cry · **To what, where:** all, clothes, sackcloth, midst

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This is Esther 4:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mordecai), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EST:63
# text = Now when Mordecai knew all that was done, Mordecai rent his clothes, and put on sackcloth with ashes, and went out into the midst of the city, and cried with a loud and a bitter cry;
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
3	Mordecai	Mordecai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
5	all	all	PRON	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
10	Mordecai	Mordecai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	rent	rend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	11	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
24	out	out	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	into	into	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
34	with	with	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
36	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
38	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	conj	_	_
40	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
41	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | Mordecai | all |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer all=Stimulus |
| 2 | **do** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 3 | **rend** | past | Mordecai | Mordecai's clothes |  |  | now |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clothes=Patient |
| 4 | **put on** | past | Mordecai *not said here* | sackcloth |  |  |  | with ashes | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent sackcloth=Goal |
| 5 | **go out** | past | Mordecai *not said here* |  |  | the midst of the city |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Mordecai *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a loud cry | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with cry=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּמָרְדֳּכַ֗י יָדַע֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשָׂ֔ה וַיִּקְרַ֤ע מָרְדֳּכַי֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וַיִּלְבַּ֥שׁ שַׂ֖ק וָאֵ֑פֶר וַיֵּצֵא֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֔יר וַיִּזְעַ֛ק זְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה וּמָרָֽה׃

[Esther 4:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:63` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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