--- title: Esther 4:8 (JPS 1917) — Also he gave him the copy of the writing of the decree that was give… · tree and pragmatics description: Also he gave him the copy of the writing of the decree that was given out in Shushan to destroy them, to show it unto Esther, and to declare it unto her; and to charge her that she should go in unto the king, to make supplication unto him, and to make request before him, for her people. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mordecai, Esther), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EST:70 # text = Also he gave him the copy of the writing of the decree that was given out in Shushan to destroy them, to show it unto Esther, and to declare it unto her; and to charge her that she should go in unto the king, to make supplication unto him, and to make request before him, for her people. 1 Also also ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 iobj _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 copy copy NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 writing writing NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 decree decree NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 15 nsubj:pass _ _ 14 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux:pass _ _ 15 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl:relcl _ _ 16 out out ADP RP _ 15 compound:prt _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 Shushan Shushan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 destroy destroy VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 advcl _ _ 21 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 24 show show VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 advcl _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 unto unto ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 Esther Esther PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 declare declare VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 unto unto ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ _ 35 ; ; PUNCT : _ 38 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 to to PART TO _ 38 mark _ _ 38 charge charge VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 39 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 iobj _ _ 40 that that SCONJ IN _ 43 mark _ _ 41 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 42 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 43 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 ccomp _ _ 44 in in ADV RP _ 43 compound:prt _ _ 45 unto unto ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obl _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 49 to to PART TO _ 50 mark _ _ 50 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 43 advcl _ _ 51 supplication supplication NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 obj _ _ 52 unto unto ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 obl _ _ 54 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 55 and and CCONJ CC _ 57 cc _ _ 56 to to PART TO _ 57 mark _ _ 57 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 50 conj _ _ 58 request request NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 obj _ _ 59 before before ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 60 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 57 obl _ _ 61 , , PUNCT , _ 64 punct _ _ 62 for for ADP IN _ 64 case _ _ 63 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 64 nmod:poss _ _ 64 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 57 obl _ _ 65 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | past | Mordecai | the copy of the writing of the decree | king | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient copy=Theme | | 2 | **give out** | past · passive | | the decree | | Shushan | | | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme | | 3 | **destroy** | to-infinitive | | Jews *= jew* | | | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 4 | **show** | to-infinitive | | copy | | | | unto Esther | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient | | 5 | **declare** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | | copy | | | | unto Esther | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Attribute | | 6 | **charge** | to-infinitive | | | Esther | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **go in** | should | Esther | | | | | unto the king | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **make** | to-infinitive | Esther *not said here* | supplication | | | | unto Mordecai | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset supplication=Product | | 9 | **make** | to-infinitive | Esther *not said here* | request | | | before Mordecai | for Esther's people | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent request=Product for people=Beneficiary | | 10 | **copy** | | | the writing of the decree | | | | | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient | | 11 | **write** | | | the decree | | | | | nom writing «act transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְאֶת־פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן כְּתָֽב־הַ֠דָּת אֲשֶׁר־נִתַּ֨ן בְּשׁוּשָׁ֤ן לְהַשְׁמִידָם֙ נָ֣תַן ל֔וֹ לְהַרְא֥וֹת אֶת־אֶסְתֵּ֖ר וּלְהַגִּ֣יד לָ֑הּ וּלְצַוּ֣וֹת עָלֶ֗יהָ לָב֨וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ לְהִֽתְחַנֶּן־ל֛וֹ וּלְבַקֵּ֥שׁ מִלְּפָנָ֖יו עַל־עַמָּֽהּ׃ [Esther 4:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.8/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:70` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Esther 4:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.69/) - next →: [Esther 4:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.71/) - ↑ back to [Esther 4:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.8/)