---
title: Esther 5:14 (JPS 1917) — Then said Zeresh his wife and all his friends unto him: 'Let a gallo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then said Zeresh his wife and all his friends unto him: 'Let a gallows be made of fifty cubits high, and in the morning speak thou unto the king that Mordecai may be hanged thereon; then go thou in merrily with the king unto the banquet.' And the thing pleased Haman; and he caused the gallows to be 
---

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# Esther 5:14 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then said Zeresh his wife and all his friends unto him: 'Let a gallows be made of fifty cubits high, and in the morning speak thou unto the king that Mordecai may be hanged thereon; then go thou in merrily with the king unto the banquet.' And the thing pleased Haman; and he caused the gallows to be made.

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**Who acts:** Zeresh, gallows, thou, thing, Mordecai · **What happens:** say, let, make, speak, hang, go in · **To what, where:** gallows, thou, Mordecai, Haman · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Esther 5:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zeresh, gallows, thou, thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EST:94
# text = Then said Zeresh his wife and all his friends unto him: 'Let a gallows be made of fifty cubits high, and in the morning speak thou unto the king that Mordecai may be hanged thereon; then go thou in merrily with the king unto the banquet.' And the thing pleased Haman; and he caused the gallows to be made.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Zeresh	Zeresh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
10	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
14	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	gallows	gallows	NOUN	NNS	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	xcomp	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	cubits	cubit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl:unmarked	_	_
22	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	advcl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
28	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
29	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	obj	_	_
30	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
33	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
34	Mordecai	Mordecai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nsubj:pass	_	_
35	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
36	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	aux:pass	_	_
37	hanged	hang	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	ccomp	_	_
38	thereon	thereon	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
39	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
40	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	41	advmod	_	_
41	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
42	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	41	nsubj	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	RP	_	41	compound:prt	_	_
44	merrily	merrily	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
45	with	with	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
48	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	banquet	banquet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
52	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
53	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nsubj	_	_
56	pleased	please	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
57	Haman	Haman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	56	obj	_	_
58	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	61	punct	_	_
59	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	61	cc	_	_
60	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	61	nsubj	_	_
61	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
62	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	63	det	_	_
63	gallows	gallows	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	61	obj	_	_
64	to	to	PART	TO	_	66	mark	_	_
65	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	66	aux:pass	_	_
66	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	61	xcomp	_	_
67	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- hedged: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Zeresh and king's friends |  |  |  | then | unto king | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  | a gallows |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | infinitive · passive | a gallows *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP» |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | infinitive |  | thou |  |  | morning | unto the king | tree rules |
| 5 | **hang** | may · passive |  | Mordecai |  |  |  | thereon *property* | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 6 | **go in** | infinitive | thou |  |  |  | then | with the king; unto the banquet; merrily *property* | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with king=Beneficiary |
| 7 | **please** | past | the thing | Haman |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus haman=Experiencer |
| 8 | **cause** | past | Mordecai | the gallows |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 9 | **make** | to-infinitive · passive | the gallows *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לוֹ֩ זֶ֨רֶשׁ אִשְׁתּ֜וֹ וְכָל־אֹֽהֲבָ֗יו יַֽעֲשׂוּ־עֵץ֮ גָּבֹ֣הַּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּה֒ וּבַבֹּ֣קֶר ׀ אֱמֹ֣ר לַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְיִתְל֤וּ אֶֽת־מָרְדֳּכַי֙ עָלָ֔יו וּבֹֽא־עִם־הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֶלהַמִּשְׁתֶּ֖ה שָׂמֵ֑חַ וַיִּיטַ֧ב הַדָּבָ֛ר לִפְנֵ֥י הָמָ֖ן וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָעֵֽץ׃פ

[Esther 5:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.5.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:94` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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