---
title: Ezra 4:8 (JPS 1917) — Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against J… · tree and pragmatics
description: Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort — Who acts: Rehum. Ezra 4:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezra 4:8 · JPS 1917

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Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort —

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**Who acts:** Rehum · **What happens:** write · **To what, where:** letter, Artaxerxes, sort

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This is Ezra 4:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rehum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZR:103
# text = Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort —
1	Rehum	Rehum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	commander	commander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Shimshai	Shimshai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	scribe	scribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
8	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Artaxerxes	Artaxerxes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
19	sort	sort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
20	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Rehum and Shimshai | a letter | Artaxerxes | this sort |  | against Jerusalem | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent letter=Theme in sort=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

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רְח֣וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵ֗ם וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙ סָֽפְרָ֔א כְּתַ֛בוּ אִגְּרָ֥ה חֲדָ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥שְׂתְּא מַלְכָּ֖א כְּנֵֽמָא׃

[Ezra 4:8: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZR:103` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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