---
title: Ezra 4:12 (JPS 1917) — be it known unto the king, that the Jews that came up from thee are… · tree and pragmatics
description: be it known unto the king, that the Jews that came up from thee are come to us unto Jerusalem; they are building the rebellious and the bad city, and have finished the walls, and are digging out the foundations. Who acts: Jews. Ezra 4:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.107/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ezra](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/4/) / [4:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.12/) / JPS 1

# Ezra 4:12 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
be it known unto the king, that the Jews that came up from thee are come to us unto Jerusalem; they are building the rebellious and the bad city, and have finished the walls, and are digging out the foundations.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Jews · **What happens:** know, come up, come, build, finish, dig out · **To what, where:** River, thee, us, rebellious bad city, walls, foundations · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ezra 4:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jews), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZR:107
# text = be it known unto the king, that the Jews that came up from thee are come to us unto Jerusalem; they are building the rebellious and the bad city, and have finished the walls, and are digging out the foundations.
1	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux:pass	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	up	up	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	obl	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	_
20	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	building	build	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	rebellious	rebellious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	conj	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
40	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	digging	dig	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	conj	_	_
42	out	out	ADP	RP	_	41	compound:prt	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	foundations	foundation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: express
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | infinitive · passive |  | River |  |  |  | unto the king | tree rules |
| 2 | **come up** | past | the Jews |  |  | thee |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from thou=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **come** | present · passive | the Jews |  | us |  |  | unto Jerusalem | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to we=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **build** | present · progressive | Jews *= jew* | the rebellious bad city |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset city=Product |
| 5 | **finish** | present · perfect | Jews *= jew* *not said here* | the walls |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality wall=Eventuality |
| 6 | **dig out** | present · progressive | Jews *= jew* *not said here* | the foundations |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent foundation=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
יְדִ֙יעַ֙ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֣י יְהוּדָיֵ֗א דִּ֤י סְלִ֙קוּ֙ מִן־לְוָתָ֔ךְ עֲלֶ֥ינָא אֲת֖וֹ לִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם קִרְיְתָ֨א מָֽרָדְתָּ֤א וּבִֽישְׁתָּא֙בָּנַ֔יִן וְשׁוּרַיָּ֣א שַׁכְלִ֔ילוּ וְאֻשַּׁיָּ֖א יַחִֽיטוּ׃

[Ezra 4:12: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.12/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZR:107` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Ezra 4:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.106/)
- next →: [Ezra 4:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.108/)
- ↑ back to [Ezra 4:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.12/)