---
title: Ezra 4:17 (JPS 1917) — Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the commander, and to Shimsh… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the commander, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the River: 'Peace, and now Who acts: companions. Ezra 4:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezra 4:17 · JPS 1917

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Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the commander, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the River: 'Peace, and now

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**Who acts:** companions · **What happens:** send, dwell · **To what, where:** answer, king, Samaria

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This is Ezra 4:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (companions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZR:112
# text = Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the commander, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the River: 'Peace, and now
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	iobj	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Rehum	Rehum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	commander	commander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Shimshai	Shimshai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	scribe	scribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Samaria	Samaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
34	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
37	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
38	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	39	punct	_	_
39	Peace	Peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	39	conj	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past |  | a answer | the king |  | then | unto Rehum; to Shimshai; to the rest of Rehum's companions; unto the rest beyond the River | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent king=Destination answer=Theme |
| 2 | **dwell** | present | Rehum's companions |  |  | Samaria |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in samaria=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
פִּתְגָמָ֞א שְׁלַ֣ח מַלְכָּ֗א עַל־רְח֤וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵם֙ וְשִׁמְשַׁ֣י סָֽפְרָ֔א וּשְׁאָר֙ כְּנָוָ֣תְה֔וֹן דִּ֥י יָתְבִ֖ין בְּשָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן וּשְׁאָ֧ר עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֛ה שְׁלָ֖ם וּכְעֶֽת׃ס

[Ezra 4:17: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZR:112` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Ezra 4:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.111/)
- next →: [Ezra 4:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.113/)
- ↑ back to [Ezra 4:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.17/)