---
title: Ezra 4:19 (JPS 1917) — And I decreed, and search hath been made, and it is found that this… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I decreed, and search hath been made, and it is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein. Who acts: I, city. Ezra 4:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezra 4:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And I decreed, and search hath been made, and it is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, city · **What happens:** decree, make, find · **To what, where:** search, insurrection, rebellion · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ezra 4:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZR:114
# text = And I decreed, and search hath been made, and it is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	decreed	decree	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	search	search	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	ccomp	_	_
23	insurrection	insurrection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	against	against	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
29	rebellion	rebellion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	sedition	sedition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	_
32	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
33	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	conj	_	_
35	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decree** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | present · perfect · passive |  | search |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **find** | present · passive |  | search |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | present · perfect | this city of old time | insurrection |  |  |  | against kings | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset insurrection=Product |
| 5 | **make** | present · perfect · passive |  | rebellion and sedition |  |  |  | therein *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
וּמִנִּי֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ וּבַקַּ֣רוּ וְהַשְׁכַּ֔חוּ דִּ֚י קִרְיְתָ֣א דָ֔ךְ מִן־יוֹמָת֙ עָֽלְמָ֔א עַל־מַלְכִ֖ין מִֽתְנַשְּׂאָ֑ה וּמְרַ֥ד וְאֶשְׁתַּדּ֖וּר מִתְעֲבֶד־בַּֽהּ׃

[Ezra 4:19: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZR:114` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Ezra 4:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.113/)
- next →: [Ezra 4:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.115/)
- ↑ back to [Ezra 4:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.19/)