---
title: Ezra 4:21 (JPS 1917) — Make ye now a decree to cause these men to cease, and that this city… · tree and pragmatics
description: Make ye now a decree to cause these men to cease, and that this city be not builded, until a decree shall be made by me. Who acts: ye, men, me. Ezra 4:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ezra 4:21 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Make ye now a decree to cause these men to cease, and that this city be not builded, until a decree shall be made by me.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ye, men, me · **What happens:** make, cause, cease, not build · **To what, where:** decree, men, city

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This is Ezra 4:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, men, me), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EZR:116
# text = Make ye now a decree to cause these men to cease, and that this city be not builded, until a decree shall be made by me.
1	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	1	nsubj	_	_
3	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	1	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	decree	decree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	cease	cease	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
15	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	aux:pass	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	builded	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	decree	decree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	advcl	_	_
27	by	by	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	obl:agent	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | infinitive | ye | a decree |  |  | now |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset decree=Product |
| 2 | **cause** | to-infinitive | ye *not said here* | this men |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **cease** | to-infinitive | this men *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **not** **build** | infinitive · passive |  | this city |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 5 | **make** | shall · passive | me | a decree |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
כְּעַן֙ שִׂ֣ימוּ טְּעֵ֔םלְבַטָּלָ֖א גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֑ךְ וְקִרְיְתָ֥א דָךְ֙ לָ֣א תִתְבְּנֵ֔א עַד־מִנִּ֖י טַעְמָ֥א יִתְּשָֽׂם׃

[Ezra 4:21: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EZR:116` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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