---
title: Job 41:17 (JPS 1917) — When he raiseth himself up, the mighty are afraid; by reason of desp… · tree and pragmatics
description: When he raiseth himself up, the mighty are afraid; by reason of despair they are beside themselves. Who acts: air, mighty, flakes. Job 41:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Job 41:17 · JPS 1917

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When he raiseth himself up, the mighty are afraid; by reason of despair they are beside themselves.

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**Who acts:** air, mighty, flakes · **What happens:** raise up, be · **To what, where:** air

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This is Job 41:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (air, mighty, flakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOB:1148
# text = When he raiseth himself up, the mighty are afraid; by reason of despair they are beside themselves.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	raiseth	raise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	up	up	ADV	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	despair	despair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	themselves	themselves	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise up** | present | air | air |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the mighty |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | flakes *= flake* |  |  |  |  | by reason of despair; themselves *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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מִ֭שֵּׂתוֹ יָג֣וּרוּ אֵלִ֑ים מִ֝שְּׁבָרִ֗ים יִתְחַטָּֽאוּ׃

[Job 41:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.41.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:1148` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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