---
title: Job 12:14 (JPS 1917) — Behold, He breaketh down, and it cannot be built again; He shutteth… · tree and pragmatics
description: Behold, He breaketh down, and it cannot be built again; He shutteth up a man, and there can be no opening. Who acts: wisdom, opening. Job 12:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Job 12:14 · JPS 1917

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Behold, He breaketh down, and it cannot be built again; He shutteth up a man, and there can be no opening.

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**Who acts:** wisdom, opening · **What happens:** break down, not build, shut up, be · **To what, where:** understanding, man

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This is Job 12:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wisdom, opening), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOB:296
# text = Behold, He breaketh down, and it cannot be built again; He shutteth up a man, and there can be no opening.
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	breaketh	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
13	again	again	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	shutteth	shut	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	24	expl	_	_
23	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
25	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	26	det	_	_
26	opening	opening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | present | wisdom |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **build** | can · passive |  | understanding |  |  | again |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **shut up** | present | wisdom | a man |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient |
| 4 | **can** | can | no opening |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הֵ֣ן יַ֭הֲרוֹס וְלֹ֣א יִבָּנֶ֑ה יִסְגֹּ֥ר עַל־אִ֝֗ישׁ וְלֹ֣א יִפָּתֵֽחַ׃

[Job 12:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.12.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:296` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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