---
title: Job 2:11 (JPS 1917) — Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that was come up… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that was come upon him, they came every one from his own place, Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite; and they made an appointment together to come to bemoan him and to comfort him. Who acts: three friends, friend
---

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# Job 2:11 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that was come upon him, they came every one from his own place, Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite; and they made an appointment together to come to bemoan him and to comfort him.

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**Who acts:** three friends, friends · **What happens:** hear, come, make, bemoan, comfort · **To what, where:** evil, one, own place, appointment, Job

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Job 2:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (three friends, friends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOB:34
# text = Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that was come upon him, they came every one from his own place, Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite; and they made an appointment together to come to bemoan him and to comfort him.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
3	Job	Job	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	_
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
10	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	det	_	_
21	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
24	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	Eliphaz	Eliphaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	Temanite	Temanite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	appos	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	Bildad	Bildad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	Shuhite	Shuhite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	appos	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	Zophar	Zophar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	Naamathite	Naamathite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	appos	_	_
40	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	nsubj	_	_
43	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
44	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	appointment	appointment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obj	_	_
46	together	together	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
47	to	to	PART	TO	_	48	mark	_	_
48	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	advcl	_	_
49	to	to	PART	TO	_	50	mark	_	_
50	bemoan	bemoan	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	48	advcl	_	_
51	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	obj	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
53	to	to	PART	TO	_	54	mark	_	_
54	comfort	comfort	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	50	conj	_	_
55	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	obj	_	_
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Job's three friends |  |  |  |  | of all evil | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of evil=Stimulus |
| 2 | **come** | past · passive |  | all evil |  |  |  | upon Job | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past | friends *= friend* | every one |  | Job's own place | now |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location one=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | past | friends *= friend* | a appointment |  |  |  | together *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset appointment=Product |
| 5 | **come** | to-infinitive | friends *= friend* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **bemoan** | to-infinitive | friends *= friend* *not said here* | Job |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **comfort** | to-infinitive | friends *= friend* *not said here* | Job |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֞וּ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת ׀ רֵעֵ֣י אִיּ֗וֹב אֵ֣ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּאת֮ הַבָּ֣אָה עָלָיו֒ וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִמְּקֹמ֔וֹ אֱלִיפַ֤ז הַתֵּימָנִי֙ וּבִלְדַּ֣ד הַשּׁוּחִ֔י וְצוֹפַ֖ר הַנַּֽעֲמָתִ֑י וַיִּוָּעֲד֣וּ יַחְדָּ֔ו לָב֥וֹא לָנֽוּד־ל֖וֹ וּֽלְנַחֲמֽוֹ׃

[Job 2:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.2.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:34` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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