---
title: Job 19:24 (JPS 1917) — That with an iron pen and lead they were graven in the rock for ever! · tree and pragmatics
description: That with an iron pen and lead they were graven in the rock for ever! Job 19:24 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Job 19:24 · JPS 1917

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That with an iron pen and lead they were graven in the rock for ever!

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**What happens:** grave · **To what, where:** words, rock

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This is Job 19:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOB:491
# text = That with an iron pen and lead they were graven in the rock for ever!
1	That	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	graven	grave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	for	for	ADV	IN	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	10	advmod	_	_
16	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: exclamation
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grave** | past · passive |  | words *= word* |  | the rock | ever | with a iron pen and lead | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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בְּעֵט־בַּרְזֶ֥ל וְעֹפָ֑רֶת לָ֝עַ֗ד בַּצּ֥וּר יֵחָצְבֽוּן׃

[Job 19:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.19.24/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:491` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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