---
title: Job 3:16 (JPS 1917) — Or as a hidden untimely birth I had not been; as infants that never… · tree and pragmatics
description: Or as a hidden untimely birth I had not been; as infants that never saw light. Who acts: infants. Job 3:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Job 3:16 · JPS 1917

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Or as a hidden untimely birth I had not been; as infants that never saw light.

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**Who acts:** infants · **What happens:** not see · **To what, where:** light

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This is Job 3:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (infants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOB:54
# text = Or as a hidden untimely birth I had not been; as infants that never saw light.
1	Or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	hidden	hidden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	untimely	untimely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	infants	infant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
15	never	never	ADV	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | past | infants | light |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer light=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
א֤וֹכְנֵ֣פֶל טָ֭מוּן לֹ֣א אֶהְיֶ֑ה כְּ֝עֹלְלִ֗ים לֹא־רָ֥אוּ אֽוֹר׃

[Job 3:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.3.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:54` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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