---
title: Job 24:3 (JPS 1917) — They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow's ox… · tree and pragmatics
description: They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow's ox for a pledge. Who acts: landmarks. Job 24:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Job 24:3 · JPS 1917

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They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow's ox for a pledge.

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**Who acts:** landmarks · **What happens:** drive away, take · **To what, where:** ass, ox

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This is Job 24:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (landmarks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOB:623
# text = They drive away the ass of the fatherless, they take the widow's ox for a pledge.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drive	drive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fatherless	fatherless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	widow	widow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	ox	ox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	pledge	pledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive away** | present | landmarks *= landmark* | the ass of the fatherless |  |  |  | away *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme ass=Trajectory |
| 2 | **take** | present | landmarks *= landmark* | the widow's ox |  |  |  | for a pledge | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent ox=Theme for pledge=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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חֲמ֣וֹר יְתוֹמִ֣ים יִנְהָ֑גוּ יַ֝חְבְּל֗וּ שׁ֣וֹר אַלְמָנָֽה׃

[Job 24:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.24.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:623` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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