---
title: Job 24:16 (JPS 1917) — In the dark they dig through houses; they shut themselves up in the… · tree and pragmatics
description: In the dark they dig through houses; they shut themselves up in the day-time; they know not the light. Who acts: men. Job 24:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Job 24:16 · JPS 1917

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In the dark they dig through houses; they shut themselves up in the day-time; they know not the light.

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**Who acts:** men · **What happens:** dig, shut up, not know · **To what, where:** dark, men, light

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This is Job 24:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOB:636
# text = In the dark they dig through houses; they shut themselves up in the day-time; they know not the light.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	dig	dig	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	shut	shut	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obj	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	_
17	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | present | men *= man* |  |  | the dark |  | through houses | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in dark=Location |
| 2 | **shut up** | present | men *= man* | men *= man* |  |  | time |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **know** | present | men *= man* | the light |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer light=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
חָתַ֥ר בַּחֹ֗שֶׁךְ בָּ֫תִּ֥ים יוֹמָ֥ם חִתְּמוּ־לָ֗מוֹ לֹא־יָ֥דְעוּ אֽוֹר׃

[Job 24:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.24.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:636` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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