--- title: Job 28:4 (JPS 1917) — He breaketh open a shaft away from where men sojourn; they are forgo… · tree and pragmatics description: He breaketh open a shaft away from where men sojourn; they are forgotten of the foot that passeth by; they hang afar from men, they swing to and fro. Who acts: Man, men, foot, mine. Job 28:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.697/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Job](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/28/) / [28:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.28.4/) / JPS 1 # Job 28:4 · JPS 1917 He breaketh open a shaft away from where men sojourn; they are forgotten of the foot that passeth by; they hang afar from men, they swing to and fro. **Who acts:** Man, men, foot, mine · **What happens:** break, sojourn, forget, pass by, hang, swing · **To what, where:** shaft, mine This is Job 28:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Man, men, foot, mine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JOB:697 # text = He breaketh open a shaft away from where men sojourn; they are forgotten of the foot that passeth by; they hang afar from men, they swing to and fro. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 breaketh break VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 open open ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 shaft shaft NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 away away ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 7 from from ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 10 advmod _ _ 9 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 10 sojourn sojourn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 obl _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 12 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 13 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux:pass _ _ 14 forgotten forget VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 foot foot NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 18 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 19 nsubj _ _ 19 passeth pass VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 20 by by ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 22 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 23 hang hang VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 24 afar afar ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 25 from from ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 swing swing VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 parataxis _ _ 30 to to ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 fro fro ADV RB _ 30 conj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **break** | present | Man | a shaft | | | | away, open *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shaft=Patient | | 2 | **sojourn** | present | men | | | | | | vn weekend-56 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **forget** | present · passive | | mine | | | | of the foot | tree rules | | 4 | **pass by** | present | the foot | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **hang** | present | mine | | | | | from men; afar *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **swing** | present | mine | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} פָּ֤רַץ נַ֨חַל ׀ מֵֽעִם־גָּ֗ר הַֽנִּשְׁכָּחִ֥ים מִנִּי־רָ֑גֶל דַּ֖לּוּ מֵאֱנ֣וֹשׁ נָֽעוּ׃ [Job 28:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.28.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:697` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Job 28:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.696/) - next →: [Job 28:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.698/) - ↑ back to [Job 28:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.28.4/)