---
title: Job 28:8 (JPS 1917) — The proud beasts have not trodden it, nor hath the lion passed there… · tree and pragmatics
description: The proud beasts have not trodden it, nor hath the lion passed thereby. Who acts: proud beasts, lion. Job 28:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Job 28:8 · JPS 1917

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The proud beasts have not trodden it, nor hath the lion passed thereby.

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**Who acts:** proud beasts, lion · **What happens:** not tread, pass · **To what, where:** path

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This is Job 28:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (proud beasts, lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOB:701
# text = The proud beasts have not trodden it, nor hath the lion passed thereby.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	trodden	tread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	13	cc	_	_
10	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
14	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **tread** | present · perfect | the proud beasts | path |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location it=Theme |
| 2 | **pass** | present · perfect | the lion |  |  |  |  | thereby *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לֹֽא־הִדְרִיכֻ֥הוּ בְנֵי־שָׁ֑חַץ לֹֽא־עָדָ֖ה עָלָ֣יו שָֽׁחַל׃

[Job 28:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.28.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:701` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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