---
title: Job 31:11 (JPS 1917) — For that were a heinous crime; yea, it were an iniquity to be punish… · tree and pragmatics
description: For that were a heinous crime; yea, it were an iniquity to be punished by the judges. Who acts: that, crime, judges. Job 31:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Job 31:11 · JPS 1917

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For that were a heinous crime; yea, it were an iniquity to be punished by the judges.

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**Who acts:** that, crime, judges · **What happens:** be, punish · **To what, where:** heinous crime, iniquity

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This is Job 31:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, crime, judges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOB:790
# text = For that were a heinous crime; yea, it were an iniquity to be punished by the judges.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	heinous	heinous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
8	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	13	discourse	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl:agent	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | that | a heinous crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | crime | a iniquity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **punish** | to-infinitive · passive | the judges |  |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּי־הִ֥יא זִמָּ֑ה וְ֝ה֗וּא עָוֺ֥ן פְּלִילִֽים׃

[Job 31:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.31.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:790` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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