---
title: Job 31:28 (JPS 1917) — This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judges; for I shoul… · tree and pragmatics
description: This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judges; for I should have lied to God that is above. Who acts: This, judges, I, God. Job 31:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.809/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Job](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/31/) / [31:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.31.28/) / JPS 1

# Job 31:28 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judges; for I should have lied to God that is above.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** This, judges, I, God · **What happens:** be, punish, lie · **To what, where:** iniquity, God

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Job 31:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, judges, I, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOB:809
# text = This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judges; for I should have lied to God that is above.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:agent	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	aux	_	_
17	lied	lie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	above	above	ADV	RB	_	19	acl:relcl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | This | a iniquity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **punish** | to-infinitive · passive | the judges |  |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **lie** | should · perfect | I |  | God |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | God |  |  |  |  | above *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
גַּם־ה֭וּאעָוֺ֣ן פְּלִילִ֑י כִּֽי־כִחַ֖שְׁתִּי לָאֵ֣ל מִמָּֽעַל׃

[Job 31:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.31.28/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:809` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Job 31:27 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.808/)
- next →: [Job 31:29 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.810/)
- ↑ back to [Job 31:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.31.28/)