---
title: Job 31:35 (JPS 1917) — Oh that I had one to hear me! — Lo, here is my signature, let the Al… · tree and pragmatics
description: Oh that I had one to hear me! — Lo, here is my signature, let the Almighty answer me — and that I had the indictment which mine adversary hath written! Who acts: I, Almighty, adversary. Job 31:35 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Job 31:35 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oh that I had one to hear me! — Lo, here is my signature, let the Almighty answer me — and that I had the indictment which mine adversary hath written!

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, Almighty, adversary · **What happens:** have, hear, be, let, answer, write · **To what, where:** one, me, signature, Almighty, indictment

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Job 31:35 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Almighty, adversary), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOB:816
# text = Oh that I had one to hear me! — Lo, here is my signature, let the Almighty answer me — and that I had the indictment which mine adversary hath written!
1	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
10	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
11	Lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	16	discourse	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	signature	signature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Almighty	almighty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	answer	answer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
22	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	indictment	indictment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	obj	_	_
31	mine	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
33	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	29	acl:relcl	_	_
35	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: exclamation
- act: express
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | one |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient |
| 2 | **hear** | to-infinitive |  | me |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | my signature |  | here |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **let** | infinitive |  | the Almighty |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **answer** *speech: assert* | infinitive | the Almighty *not said here* |  | me |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent i=Eventuality |
| 6 | **have** | past | I | the indictment |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent indictment=Patient |
| 7 | **write** | present · perfect | mine adversary | the indictment |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מִ֤י יִתֶּן־לִ֨י ׀ שֹׁ֘מֵ֤עַֽ לִ֗י הֶן־תָּ֭וִי שַׁדַּ֣י יַעֲנֵ֑נִי וְסֵ֥פֶר כָּ֝תַ֗ב אִ֣ישׁ רִיבִֽי׃

[Job 31:35: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.31.35/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:816` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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