---
title: Job 4:19 (JPS 1917) — How much more them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is… · tree and pragmatics
description: How much more them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, who are crushed before the moth! Who acts: foundation. Job 4:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Job 4:19 · JPS 1917

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How much more them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, who are crushed before the moth!

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**Who acts:** foundation · **What happens:** dwell, be, crush · **To what, where:** houses, dust

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This is Job 4:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (foundation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOB:86
# text = How much more them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, who are crushed before the moth!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	foundation	foundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	acl:relcl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	crushed	crush	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
22	before	before	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	moth	moth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: exclamation
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=neg, voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dwell** | present |  |  |  | houses of clay |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in house=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | the dust's foundation |  |  | the dust |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **crush** | present · passive |  |  |  |  | before the moth |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אַ֤ף ׀ שֹׁכְנֵ֬י בָֽתֵּי־חֹ֗מֶר אֲשֶׁר־בֶּעָפָ֥ר יְסוֹדָ֑ם יְ֝דַכְּא֗וּם לִפְנֵי־עָֽשׁ׃

[Job 4:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.4.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:86` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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