---
title: Job 34:25 (JPS 1917) — Therefore He taketh knowledge of their works; and He overturneth the… · tree and pragmatics
description: Therefore He taketh knowledge of their works; and He overturneth them in the night, so that they are crushed. Who acts: shadow, men. Job 34:25 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.906/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Job](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/) / [chapter 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/34/) / [34:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.34.25/) / JPS 1

# Job 34:25 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Therefore He taketh knowledge of their works; and He overturneth them in the night, so that they are crushed.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** shadow, men · **What happens:** take, overturn, crush, work · **To what, where:** knowledge, men

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Job 34:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shadow, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JOB:906
# text = Therefore He taketh knowledge of their works; and He overturneth them in the night, so that they are crushed.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	taketh	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	works	work	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	overturneth	overturn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	crushed	crush	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | shadow | knowledge of men's works |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knowledge=Theme |
| 2 | **overturn** | present | shadow | men *= man* |  |  | night |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **crush** | present · passive |  | men *= man* |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **work** |  | men *= man* |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לָכֵ֗ן יַ֭כִּיר מַעְבָּֽדֵיהֶ֑ם וְהָ֥פַךְ לַ֝֗יְלָה וְיִדַּכָּֽאוּ׃

[Job 34:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.34.25/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JOB:906` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Job 34:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.905/)
- next →: [Job 34:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.907/)
- ↑ back to [Job 34:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.34.25/)