---
title: Lamentations 1:9 (JPS 1917) — Her filthiness was in her skirts, she was not mindful of her end; th… · tree and pragmatics
description: Her filthiness was in her skirts, she was not mindful of her end; therefore is she come down wonderfully, she hath no comforter. 'Behold, O LORD, my affliction, for the enemy hath magnified himself.' Who acts: filthiness, Jerusalem, enemy, my. Lamentations 1:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree an
---

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# Lamentations 1:9 · JPS 1917

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Her filthiness was in her skirts, she was not mindful of her end; therefore is she come down wonderfully, she hath no comforter. 'Behold, O LORD, my affliction, for the enemy hath magnified himself.'

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**Who acts:** filthiness, Jerusalem, enemy, my · **What happens:** be, not be, come down, have, behold, magnify · **To what, where:** skirts, comforter, affliction, LORD

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This is Lamentations 1:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (filthiness, Jerusalem, enemy, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:10
# text = Her filthiness was in her skirts, she was not mindful of her end; therefore is she come down wonderfully, she hath no comforter. 'Behold, O LORD, my affliction, for the enemy hath magnified himself.'
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	filthiness	filthiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	skirts	skirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	mindful	mindful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
20	down	down	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	wonderfully	wonderfully	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
25	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	26	det	_	_
26	comforter	comforter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	_
29	Behold	behold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	32	discourse	_	_
32	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	vocative	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	affliction	affliction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
37	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
40	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	magnified	magnify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	29	advcl	_	_
42	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	41	obj	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
44	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed polarity=neg

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Jerusalem's filthiness |  |  | Jerusalem's skirts |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | Jerusalem |  |  |  | of Jerusalem's end | mindful *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **come down** | present · passive | Jerusalem |  |  |  |  | down, therefore, wonderfully *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | present | Jerusalem | no comforter |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comforter=Patient |
| 5 | **behold** | infinitive |  | my affliction |  |  |  | LORD *vocative* | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer affliction=Stimulus |
| 6 | **magnify** | present · perfect | the enemy | LORD |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 7 | **afflict** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom affliction «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
טֻמְאָתָ֣הּ בְּשׁוּלֶ֗יהָ לֹ֤א זָֽכְרָה֙ אַחֲרִיתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֣רֶד פְּלָאִ֔ים אֵ֥ין מְנַחֵ֖ם לָ֑הּ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עָנְיִ֔י כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל אוֹיֵֽב׃ס

[Lamentations 1:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:10` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Lamentations 1:8 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.9/)
- next →: [Lamentations 1:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.11/)
- ↑ back to [Lamentations 1:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.9/)