---
title: Lamentations 4:3 (JPS 1917) — Even the jackals draw out the breast, they give suck to their young… · tree and pragmatics
description: Even the jackals draw out the breast, they give suck to their young ones; the daughter of my people is become cruel, like the ostriches in the wilderness. Who acts: jackals. Lamentations 4:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Lamentations 4:3 · JPS 1917

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Even the jackals draw out the breast, they give suck to their young ones; the daughter of my people is become cruel, like the ostriches in the wilderness.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** jackals · **What happens:** draw out, give, become · **To what, where:** breast, suck, young ones, daughter

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Lamentations 4:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (jackals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:124
# text = Even the jackals draw out the breast, they give suck to their young ones; the daughter of my people is become cruel, like the ostriches in the wilderness.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	jackals	jackal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	draw	draw	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	breast	breast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
11	suck	suck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
24	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	xcomp	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	like	like	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	ostriches	ostrich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw out** | present | the jackals | the breast |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breast=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | present | jackals *= jackal* | suck | jackals's young ones |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent suck=Theme to one=Recipient |
| 3 | **become** | present · passive |  | the daughter of my people |  |  |  | like the ostriches in the wilderness; cruel *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
גַּם־תַּנִּים֙ חָ֣לְצוּ שַׁ֔ד הֵינִ֖יקוּ גּוּרֵיהֶ֑ן בַּת־עַמִּ֣י לְאַכְזָ֔ר כַּיְעֵנִ֖ים בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ס

[Lamentations 4:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:124` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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