---
title: Lamentations 4:13 (JPS 1917) — It is because of the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is because of the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests, that have shed the blood of the just in the midst of her. Who acts: enemy, iniquities. Lamentations 4:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Lamentations 4:13 · JPS 1917

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It is because of the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests, that have shed the blood of the just in the midst of her.

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**Who acts:** enemy, iniquities · **What happens:** be, shed · **To what, where:** blood, just midst

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This is Lamentations 4:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (enemy, iniquities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:134
# text = It is because of the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests, that have shed the blood of the just in the midst of her.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sins	sin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	iniquities	iniquity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	shed	shed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	just	just	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nmod	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | enemy |  |  |  |  | because the sins and the iniquities of sin's priests; of sin's prophets | tree rules |
| 2 | **shed** | present · perfect | the iniquities of sin's priests | the blood |  | the just midst of sin |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location blood=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מֵֽחַטֹּ֣את נְבִיאֶ֔יהָ עֲוֺנ֖וֹת כֹּהֲנֶ֑יהָ הַשֹּׁפְכִ֥ים בְּקִרְבָּ֖הּ דַּ֥ם צַדִּיקִֽים׃ס

[Lamentations 4:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:134` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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