---
title: Lamentations 4:18 (JPS 1917) — They hunt our steps, that we cannot go in our broad places; our end… · tree and pragmatics
description: They hunt our steps, that we cannot go in our broad places; our end is near, our days are fulfilled; for our end is come. Who acts: eyes, we, end, our. Lamentations 4:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Lamentations 4:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They hunt our steps, that we cannot go in our broad places; our end is near, our days are fulfilled; for our end is come.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** eyes, we, end, our · **What happens:** hunt, not go, be, fulfil, step · **To what, where:** steps, broad places, days

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Lamentations 4:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eyes, we, end, our), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:139
# text = They hunt our steps, that we cannot go in our broad places; our end is near, our days are fulfilled; for our end is come.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	broad	broad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	fulfilled	fulfil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
26	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
27	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
30	come	come	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | present | eyes *= eye* | our steps |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **go** | can | we |  |  | our broad places |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in place=Location |
| 3 | **is** | present | our end |  |  |  |  | near *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **fulfil** | present · passive |  | our days |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | present | our end |  |  |  |  | come *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **step** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom step «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
צָד֣וּ צְעָדֵ֔ינוּ מִלֶּ֖כֶת בִּרְחֹבֹתֵ֑ינוּ קָרַ֥ב קִצֵּ֛ינוּ מָלְא֥וּ יָמֵ֖ינוּ כִּי־בָ֥א קִצֵּֽינוּ׃ס

[Lamentations 4:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:139` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Lamentations 4:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.138/)
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- ↑ back to [Lamentations 4:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.18/)