---
title: Lamentations 5:8 (JPS 1917) — Servants rule over us; there is none to deliver us out of their hand. · tree and pragmatics
description: Servants rule over us; there is none to deliver us out of their hand. Who acts: Servants, none. Lamentations 5:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Lamentations 5:8 · JPS 1917

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Servants rule over us; there is none to deliver us out of their hand.

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**Who acts:** Servants, none · **What happens:** rule, be, deliver · **To what, where:** us, hand

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This is Lamentations 5:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Servants, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:151
# text = Servants rule over us; there is none to deliver us out of their hand.
1	Servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rule	rule	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
7	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	7	nsubj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | present | Servants |  |  |  |  | over us | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **be** | present | none |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **deliver** | to-infinitive | none *not said here* | us |  | Servants's hand |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent we=Theme out hand=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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עֲבָדִים֙ מָ֣שְׁלוּ בָ֔נוּ פֹּרֵ֖ק אֵ֥ין מִיָּדָֽם׃

[Lamentations 5:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.5.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:151` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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