---
title: Lamentations 5:18 (JPS 1917) — For the mountain of Zion, which is desolate, the foxes walk upon it. · tree and pragmatics
description: For the mountain of Zion, which is desolate, the foxes walk upon it. Who acts: mountain, foxes. Lamentations 5:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Lamentations 5:18 · JPS 1917

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For the mountain of Zion, which is desolate, the foxes walk upon it.

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**Who acts:** mountain, foxes · **What happens:** be, walk · **To what, where:** mountain

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This is Lamentations 5:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mountain, foxes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:161
# text = For the mountain of Zion, which is desolate, the foxes walk upon it.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Zion	Zion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	desolate	desolate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	foxes	fox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the mountain of Zion |  |  |  |  | desolate *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **walk** | present | the foxes |  |  | mountain |  | for the mountain of Zion | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon it=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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עַ֤ל הַר־צִיּוֹן֙ שֶׁשָּׁמֵ֔ם שׁוּעָלִ֖ים הִלְּכוּ־בֽוֹ׃פ

[Lamentations 5:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.5.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:161` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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