---
title: Lamentations 1:17 (JPS 1917) — Zion spreadeth forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; the LO… · tree and pragmatics
description: Zion spreadeth forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, that they that are round about him should be his adversaries; Jerusalem is among them as one unclean. Who acts: Zion, none, LORD, enemies. Lamentations 1:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree an
---

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# Lamentations 1:17 · JPS 1917

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Zion spreadeth forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, that they that are round about him should be his adversaries; Jerusalem is among them as one unclean.

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**Who acts:** Zion, none, LORD, enemies, Jerusalem · **What happens:** spread, be, comfort, command, concern · **To what, where:** hands, Zion, adversaries · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Lamentations 1:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zion, none, LORD, enemies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:19
# text = Zion spreadeth forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, that they that are round about him should be his adversaries; Jerusalem is among them as one unclean.
1	Zion	Zion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spreadeth	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	8	expl	_	_
8	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	8	nsubj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	comfort	comfort	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	_
12	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	commanded	command	VERB	VBN	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
18	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	case	_	_
19	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
24	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	acl:relcl	_	_
26	about	about	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	_
28	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
29	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	cop	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	ccomp	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
33	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
34	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
35	among	among	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	parataxis	_	_
37	as	as	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	39	nummod	_	_
39	unclean	unclean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	obl	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Zion | Zion's hands |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hand=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | present | none |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **comfort** | to-infinitive | none *not said here* | Zion |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer |
| 4 | **command** | present · perfect | the LORD |  |  |  |  | concern Jacob | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **concern** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | about LORD; round *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **is a** | should | enemies *= enemy* | LORD's adversaries |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **is** | present | Jerusalem |  |  |  |  | among enemies *= enemy*; as one unclean | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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פֵּֽרְשָׂ֨ה צִיּ֜וֹן בְּיָדֶ֗יהָ אֵ֤ין מְנַחֵם֙ לָ֔הּ צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב סְבִיבָ֣יו צָרָ֑יו הָיְתָ֧ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם לְנִדָּ֖ה בֵּינֵיהֶֽם׃ס

[Lamentations 1:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:19` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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