--- title: Lamentations 1:18 (JPS 1917) — 'The LORD is righteous; for I have rebelled against His word; hear,… · tree and pragmatics description: 'The LORD is righteous; for I have rebelled against His word; hear, I pray you, all ye peoples, and behold my pain: my virgins and my young men are gone into captivity. Who acts: LORD, I, virgins, my. Lamentations 1:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/) / [1:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.18/) / JPS 1 # Lamentations 1:18 · JPS 1917 'The LORD is righteous; for I have rebelled against His word; hear, I pray you, all ye peoples, and behold my pain: my virgins and my young men are gone into captivity. **Who acts:** LORD, I, virgins, my · **What happens:** be, rebel, hear, pray, behold, word · **To what, where:** you, pain, captivity This is Lamentations 1:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I, virgins, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:LAM:20 # text = 'The LORD is righteous; for I have rebelled against His word; hear, I pray you, all ye peoples, and behold my pain: my virgins and my young men are gone into captivity. 1 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ _ 2 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 righteous righteous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 6 ; ; PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 7 for for SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 8 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 9 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 10 rebelled rebel VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 advcl _ _ 11 against against ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 His his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 15 hear hear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 parataxis _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 pray pray VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 parataxis _ _ 19 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 23 det:predet _ _ 22 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 23 compound _ _ 23 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 vocative _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 behold behold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 27 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 pain pain NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 : : PUNCT : _ 37 punct _ _ 30 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 virgins virgin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nsubj _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 33 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 34 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 conj _ _ 36 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 cop _ _ 37 gone go VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 parataxis _ _ 38 into into ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 captivity captivity NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | the LORD | | | | | righteous *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **rebel** | present · perfect | I | | | | | against LORD's word | vn rebel-71.2-1 «NP V PP.maleficiary»: agent=Agent against word=Maleficiary | | 3 | **hear** | infinitive | | | | | | all ye peoples *vocative* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **pray** | present | I | you | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **behold** | infinitive | | my pain | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pain=Stimulus | | 6 | **is** | present | my virgins and my young men | | | captivity | | go *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **word** | | LORD | | | | | | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent | | 8 | **pain** | | my | | | | | | nom pain «state transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} צַדִּ֥יק ה֛וּא יְהוָ֖ה כִּ֣י פִ֣יהוּ מָרִ֑יתִי שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֣א כָל־הָֽעַמִּ֗ים וּרְאוּ֙ מַכְאֹבִ֔י בְּתוּלֹתַ֥י וּבַחוּרַ֖י הָלְכ֥וּ בַשֶּֽׁבִי׃ס [Lamentations 1:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:20` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Lamentations 1:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.19/) - next →: [Lamentations 1:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.21/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 1:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.18/)