--- title: Lamentations 1:21 (JPS 1917) — They have heard that I sigh, there is none to comfort me; all mine e… · tree and pragmatics description: They have heard that I sigh, there is none to comfort me; all mine enemies have heard of my trouble, and are glad, for Thou hast done it; Thou wilt bring the day that Thou hast proclaimed, and they shall be like unto me. Who acts: inwards, I, none, enemies. Lamentations 1:21 in JPS 1917 with its dep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/) / [1:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.21/) / JPS 1 # Lamentations 1:21 · JPS 1917 They have heard that I sigh, there is none to comfort me; all mine enemies have heard of my trouble, and are glad, for Thou hast done it; Thou wilt bring the day that Thou hast proclaimed, and they shall be like unto me. **Who acts:** inwards, I, none, enemies, Thou, my · **What happens:** hear, sigh, be, comfort, do, bring · **To what, where:** me, trouble, day · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Lamentations 1:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (inwards, I, none, enemies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:LAM:24 # text = They have heard that I sigh, there is none to comfort me; all mine enemies have heard of my trouble, and are glad, for Thou hast done it; Thou wilt bring the day that Thou hast proclaimed, and they shall be like unto me. 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 5 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 6 sigh sigh VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 9 expl _ _ 9 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 10 none none PRON NN PronType=Neg 9 nsubj _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 comfort comfort VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 acl _ _ 13 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 15 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 17 det:predet _ _ 16 mine mine PRON PRP$ Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 enemies enemy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 18 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 19 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 parataxis _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 trouble trouble NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 26 glad glad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 conj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 28 for for SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 29 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 31 nsubj _ _ 30 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 26 advcl _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 ; ; PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 34 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 36 nsubj _ _ 35 wilt will AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 36 bring bring VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 39 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 42 obj _ _ 40 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 42 nsubj _ _ 41 hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 aux _ _ 42 proclaimed proclaim VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 38 acl:relcl _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 45 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 46 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 48 aux _ _ 47 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 48 cop _ _ 48 like like ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 conj _ _ 49 unto unto ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 50 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 48 obl _ _ 51 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: evaluate - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hear** | present · perfect | inwards *= inward* | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 2 | **sigh** | present | I | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **be** | present | none | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **comfort** | to-infinitive | none *not said here* | me | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer | | 5 | **hear** | present · perfect | mine enemies | | | | | of my trouble | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of trouble=Stimulus | | 6 | **is** | present | mine enemies *not said here* | | | | | glad *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **do** | present · perfect | Thou | trouble | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | | 8 | **bring** | future | Thou | | | | day | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **proclaim** | present · perfect | Thou | the day | | | | | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme | | 10 | **is** | shall | inwards *= inward* | | | | | unto me; like *property* | tree rules | | 11 | **trouble** | | my | | | | | | nom trouble «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} שָׁמְע֞וּ כִּ֧י נֶאֱנָחָ֣ה אָ֗נִי אֵ֤ין מְנַחֵם֙ לִ֔י כָּל־אֹ֨יְבַ֜י שָׁמְע֤וּ רָֽעָתִי֙ שָׂ֔שׂוּ כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ הֵבֵ֥אתָ יוֹם־קָרָ֖אתָ וְיִֽהְי֥וּ כָמֽוֹנִי׃ס [Lamentations 1:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.21/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:24` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Lamentations 1:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.23/) - next →: [Lamentations 1:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.25/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 1:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.21/)