---
title: Lamentations 2:2 (JPS 1917) — The Lord hath swallowed up unsparingly all the habitations of Jacob;… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Lord hath swallowed up unsparingly all the habitations of Jacob; He hath thrown down in His wrath the strongholds of the daughter of Judah; He hath brought them down to the ground; He hath profaned the kingdom and the princes thereof. Who acts: Lord. Lamentations 2:2 in JPS 1917 with its depende
---

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# Lamentations 2:2 · JPS 1917

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The Lord hath swallowed up unsparingly all the habitations of Jacob; He hath thrown down in His wrath the strongholds of the daughter of Judah; He hath brought them down to the ground; He hath profaned the kingdom and the princes thereof.

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**Who acts:** Lord · **What happens:** swallow up, throw down, bring down, profane · **To what, where:** habitations, strongholds, wrath, ground, kingdom

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Lamentations 2:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:28
# text = The Lord hath swallowed up unsparingly all the habitations of Jacob; He hath thrown down in His wrath the strongholds of the daughter of Judah; He hath brought them down to the ground; He hath profaned the kingdom and the princes thereof.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	swallowed	swallow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	unsparingly	unsparingly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	habitations	habitation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
16	down	down	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	wrath	wrath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	strongholds	stronghold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
28	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
31	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	down	down	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
36	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
37	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
38	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	profaned	profane	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	conj	_	_
45	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swallow up** | present · perfect | the Lord | all habitations of Jacob |  |  |  | unsparingly *property* | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent habitation=Patient |
| 2 | **throw down** | present · perfect | Lord | the strongholds of the daughter of Judah |  | Lord's wrath |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent stronghold=Theme in wrath=Destination |
| 3 | **bring down** | present · perfect | Lord | strongholds *= stronghold* |  | the ground |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to ground=Destination |
| 4 | **profane** | present · perfect | Lord | the kingdom and the princes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
בִּלַּ֨ע אֲדֹנָ֜י וְלֹ֣א חָמַ֗ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־נְא֣וֹת יַעֲקֹ֔ב הָרַ֧ס בְּעֶבְרָת֛וֹ מִבְצְרֵ֥י בַת־יְהוּדָ֖ה הִגִּ֣יעַ לָאָ֑רֶץ חִלֵּ֥ל מַמְלָכָ֖ה וְשָׂרֶֽיהָ׃ס

[Lamentations 2:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:28` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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