---
title: Lamentations 2:3 (JPS 1917) — He hath cut off in fierce anger all the horn of Israel; He hath draw… · tree and pragmatics
description: He hath cut off in fierce anger all the horn of Israel; He hath drawn back His right hand from before the enemy; and He hath burned in Jacob like a flaming fire, which devoureth round about. Who acts: Lord, flaming fire. Lamentations 2:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Lamentations 2:3 · JPS 1917

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He hath cut off in fierce anger all the horn of Israel; He hath drawn back His right hand from before the enemy; and He hath burned in Jacob like a flaming fire, which devoureth round about.

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**Who acts:** Lord, flaming fire · **What happens:** cut off, draw back, burn, devour · **To what, where:** horn, fierce anger, right hand, enemy, Jacob

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This is Lamentations 2:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord, flaming fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:29
# text = He hath cut off in fierce anger all the horn of Israel; He hath drawn back His right hand from before the enemy; and He hath burned in Jacob like a flaming fire, which devoureth round about.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	fierce	fierce	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	10	det:predet	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
17	back	back	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	before	before	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
32	like	like	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	flaming	flaming	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	38	nsubj	_	_
38	devoureth	devour	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	acl:relcl	_	_
39	round	round	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
40	about	about	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed polarity=neg

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut off** | present · perfect | Lord | all horn of Israel |  | fierce anger |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector horn=Eventuality |
| 2 | **draw back** | present · perfect | Lord | Lord's right hand |  | the enemy |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent hand=Theme from enemy=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **burn** | present · perfect | Lord |  |  | Jacob |  | like a flaming fire | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in jacob=Location |
| 4 | **devour** | present | a flaming fire |  |  |  |  | about *property* | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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גָּדַ֣ע בָּֽחֳרִיאַ֗ף כֹּ֚ל קֶ֣רֶן יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב אָח֛וֹר יְמִינ֖וֹ מִפְּנֵ֣י אוֹיֵ֑ב וַיִּבְעַ֤ר בְּיַעֲקֹב֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ לֶֽהָבָ֔ה אָכְלָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃ס

[Lamentations 2:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:29` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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