---
title: Lamentations 2:4 (JPS 1917) — He hath bent His bow like an enemy, standing with His right hand as… · tree and pragmatics
description: He hath bent His bow like an enemy, standing with His right hand as an adversary, and hath slain all that were pleasant to the eye; in the tent of the daughter of Zion He hath poured out His fury like fire. Who acts: Lord. Lamentations 2:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.30/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / [2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.4/) / JPS 1

# Lamentations 2:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He hath bent His bow like an enemy, standing with His right hand as an adversary, and hath slain all that were pleasant to the eye; in the tent of the daughter of Zion He hath poured out His fury like fire.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lord · **What happens:** bend, stand, slain, be, pour out, infuriate · **To what, where:** bow, all, fury, tent

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Lamentations 2:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:30
# text = He hath bent His bow like an enemy, standing with His right hand as an adversary, and hath slain all that were pleasant to the eye; in the tent of the daughter of Zion He hath poured out His fury like fire.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	bent	bend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	slain	slain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
22	all	all	PRON	DT	PronType=Tot	21	obj	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	pleasant	pleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	acl:relcl	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	40	punct	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Zion	Zion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
38	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
39	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	poured	pour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
41	out	out	ADP	RP	_	40	compound:prt	_	_
42	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
43	fury	fury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	_
44	like	like	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed polarity=neg

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | present · perfect | Lord | Lord's bow |  |  |  | like a enemy | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent bow=Material |
| 2 | **stand** | gerund | Lord *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with Lord's right hand; as a adversary | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **slain** | present · perfect | Lord *not said here* | all |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | to the eye; pleasant *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **pour out** | present · perfect | Lord | Lord's fury |  | the tent of the daughter of Zion |  | like fire | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fury=Patient |
| 6 | **infuriate** |  | Lord |  |  |  |  |  | nom fury «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
דָּרַ֨ךְ קַשְׁתּ֜וֹ כְּאוֹיֵ֗ב נִצָּ֤ב יְמִינוֹ֙ כְּצָ֔ר וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֔ג כֹּ֖ל מַחֲמַדֵּי־עָ֑יִן בְּאֹ֙הֶל֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן שָׁפַ֥ךְ כָּאֵ֖שׁ חֲמָתֽוֹ׃ס

[Lamentations 2:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.4/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:30` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Lamentations 2:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.29/)
- next →: [Lamentations 2:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.31/)
- ↑ back to [Lamentations 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.4/)