---
title: Lamentations 2:9 (JPS 1917) — Her gates are sunk into the ground; He hath destroyed and broken her… · tree and pragmatics
description: Her gates are sunk into the ground; He hath destroyed and broken her bars; her king and her princes are among the nations, instruction is no more; yea, her prophets find no vision from the LORD. Who acts: Lord, king, instruction, prophets. Lamentations 2:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and th
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.35/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/2/) / [2:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.9/) / JPS 1

# Lamentations 2:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her gates are sunk into the ground; He hath destroyed and broken her bars; her king and her princes are among the nations, instruction is no more; yea, her prophets find no vision from the LORD.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lord, king, instruction, prophets · **What happens:** sink, destroy, break, be, not be, find · **To what, where:** gates, ground, bars, vision

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Lamentations 2:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord, king, instruction, prophets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:35
# text = Her gates are sunk into the ground; He hath destroyed and broken her bars; her king and her princes are among the nations, instruction is no more; yea, her prophets find no vision from the LORD.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	sunk	sink	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	bars	bar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
17	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
23	among	among	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
29	no	no	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	25	conj	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
32	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	36	discourse	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
34	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nsubj	_	_
36	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
37	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	38	det	_	_
38	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
39	from	from	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | present · passive |  | Zion's gates |  | the ground |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **destroy** | present · perfect | Lord |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **break** | participle | Lord *not said here* | Zion's bars |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bar=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | present | Zion's king and Zion's princes |  |  |  |  | among the nations | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **is** | present | instruction |  |  |  |  | more *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **find** | present | Zion's prophets | no vision |  |  |  | from the LORD | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent vision=Theme from lord=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
טָבְע֤וּ בָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שְׁעָרֶ֔יהָ אִבַּ֥ד וְשִׁבַּ֖ר בְּרִיחֶ֑יהָ מַלְכָּ֨הּ וְשָׂרֶ֤יהָ בַגּוֹיִם֙ אֵ֣ין תּוֹרָ֔ה גַּם־נְבִיאֶ֕יהָ לֹא־מָצְא֥וּ חָז֖וֹן מֵיְהוָֽה׃ס

[Lamentations 2:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.9/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:35` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Lamentations 2:8 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.34/)
- next →: [Lamentations 2:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.36/)
- ↑ back to [Lamentations 2:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.9/)