--- title: Lamentations 1:3 (JPS 1917) — Judah is gone into exile because of affliction, and because of great… · tree and pragmatics description: Judah is gone into exile because of affliction, and because of great servitude; she dwelleth among the nations, she findeth no rest; all her pursuers overtook her within the straits. Who acts: Judah, pursuers. Lamentations 1:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/) / [1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.3/) / JPS 1 # Lamentations 1:3 · JPS 1917 Judah is gone into exile because of affliction, and because of great servitude; she dwelleth among the nations, she findeth no rest; all her pursuers overtook her within the straits. **Who acts:** Judah, pursuers · **What happens:** go, dwell, find, overtake · **To what, where:** Judah, exile, nations, rest, city This is Lamentations 1:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Judah, pursuers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:LAM:4 # text = Judah is gone into exile because of affliction, and because of great servitude; she dwelleth among the nations, she findeth no rest; all her pursuers overtook her within the straits. 1 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 gone go VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 into into ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 exile exile NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 because because ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 8 case _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 6 fixed _ _ 8 affliction affliction NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 11 because because ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 14 case _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 11 fixed _ _ 13 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 servitude servitude NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 16 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 dwelleth dwell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 18 among among ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 nations nation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 23 findeth find VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 24 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 25 det _ _ 25 rest rest NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 27 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 29 det:predet _ _ 28 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 pursuers pursuer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 overtook overtake VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 31 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 within within ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 straits strait NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go** | present · passive | | Judah | | exile | | because affliction; because great servitude | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **dwell** | present | Judah | | | the nations | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among nation=Location | | 3 | **find** | present | Judah | no rest | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rest=Topic | | 4 | **overtake** | past | city's pursuers | city | | | | within the straits | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} גָּֽלְתָ֨ה יְהוּדָ֤ה מֵעֹ֙נִי֙ וּמֵרֹ֣ב עֲבֹדָ֔ה הִ֚יא יָשְׁבָ֣ה בַגּוֹיִ֔ם לֹ֥א מָצְאָ֖ה מָנ֑וֹחַ כָּל־רֹדְפֶ֥יהָ הִשִּׂיג֖וּהָ בֵּ֥ין הַמְּצָרִֽים׃ס [Lamentations 1:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.3/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:4` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Lamentations 1:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.3/) - next →: [Lamentations 1:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.5/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.3/)