---
title: Lamentations 2:18 (JPS 1917) — Their heart cried unto the Lord: 'O wall of the daughter of Zion, le… · tree and pragmatics
description: Their heart cried unto the Lord: 'O wall of the daughter of Zion, let tears run down like a river day and night; give thyself no respite; let not the apple of thine eye cease. Who acts: heart, tears, apple. Lamentations 2:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Lamentations 2:18 · JPS 1917

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Their heart cried unto the Lord: 'O wall of the daughter of Zion, let tears run down like a river day and night; give thyself no respite; let not the apple of thine eye cease.

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**Who acts:** heart, tears, apple · **What happens:** cry, let, run down, give, not cease · **To what, where:** tears, respite, thyself

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This is Lamentations 2:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heart, tears, apple), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:47
# text = Their heart cried unto the Lord: 'O wall of the daughter of Zion, let tears run down like a river day and night; give thyself no respite; let not the apple of thine eye cease.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
9	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	_
10	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	vocative	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Zion	Zion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
18	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	down	down	ADV	RB	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	like	like	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl:unmarked	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
28	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
29	thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	28	iobj	_	_
30	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	31	det	_	_
31	respite	respite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
33	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
34	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	40	advmod	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
40	cease	cease	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	xcomp	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed polarity=neg

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | prophets's heart |  |  |  |  | unto the Lord | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  | tears |  |  |  | wall of the daughter of Zion *vocative* | tree rules |
| 3 | **run down** | infinitive | tears *not said here* |  |  |  | day | like a river | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **give** | infinitive |  | no respite | thyself |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent thyself=Recipient respite=Theme |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **not** **cease** | infinitive | the apple of thine eye |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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צָעַ֥ק לִבָּ֖ם אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֑י חוֹמַ֣ת בַּת־צִ֠יּוֹן הוֹרִ֨ידִי כַנַּ֤חַל דִּמְעָה֙ יוֹמָ֣ם וָלַ֔יְלָה אַֽל־תִּתְּנִ֤י פוּגַת֙ לָ֔ךְ אַל־תִּדֹּ֖ם בַּת־עֵינֵֽךְ׃ס

[Lamentations 2:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.2.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:47` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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