---
title: Lamentations 3:6 (JPS 1917) — He hath made me to dwell in dark places, as those that have been lon… · tree and pragmatics
description: He hath made me to dwell in dark places, as those that have been long dead. Who acts: man, me. Lamentations 3:6 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Lamentations 3:6 · JPS 1917

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He hath made me to dwell in dark places, as those that have been long dead.

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**Who acts:** man, me · **What happens:** make, dwell, be · **To what, where:** me, dark places

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This is Lamentations 3:6 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, me), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:59
# text = He hath made me to dwell in dark places, as those that have been long dead.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	dwell	dwell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	obl	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	cop	_	_
16	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	17	advmod	_	_
17	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	acl:relcl	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed polarity=neg

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · perfect | man | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dwell** | to-infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  | dark places |  | as those | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |
| 3 | **is** | present · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | dead, long *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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בְּמַחֲשַׁכִּ֥ים הוֹשִׁיבַ֖נִי כְּמֵתֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃ס

[Lamentations 3:6: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.3.6/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:59` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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