---
title: Lamentations 1:5 (JPS 1917) — Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies are at ease; for th… · tree and pragmatics
description: Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies are at ease; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions; her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary. Who acts: adversaries, enemies, LORD, young children. Lamentations 1:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependen
---

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# Lamentations 1:5 · JPS 1917

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Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies are at ease; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions; her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary.

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**Who acts:** adversaries, enemies, LORD, young children, city · **What happens:** become, be, afflict, go, transgress · **To what, where:** head, ease, city, captivity

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This is Lamentations 1:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (adversaries, enemies, LORD, young children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:6
# text = Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies are at ease; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions; her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	ease	ease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
14	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
19	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	transgressions	transgression	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
27	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
28	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
30	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
32	into	into	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	captivity	captivity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
34	before	before	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present · passive | city's adversaries | the head |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | city's enemies |  |  | ease |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **afflict** | present · perfect | the LORD | city |  |  |  | for the multitude of city's transgressions | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer |
| 4 | **go** | present · passive | city's young children |  |  | captivity | before the adversary |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into captivity=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **transgress** |  | city |  |  |  |  |  | nom transgression «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הָי֨וּ צָרֶ֤יהָ לְרֹאשׁ֙ אֹיְבֶ֣יהָ שָׁל֔וּ כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה הוֹגָ֖הּ עַ֣ל רֹב־פְּשָׁעֶ֑יהָ עוֹלָלֶ֛יהָ הָלְכ֥וּ שְׁבִ֖י לִפְנֵי־צָֽר׃ס

[Lamentations 1:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:6` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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