---
title: Lamentations 3:10 (JPS 1917) — He is unto me as a bear lying in wait, as a lion in secret places. · tree and pragmatics
description: He is unto me as a bear lying in wait, as a lion in secret places. Who acts: man, bear. Lamentations 3:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Lamentations 3:10 · JPS 1917

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He is unto me as a bear lying in wait, as a lion in secret places.

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**Who acts:** man, bear · **What happens:** be, lie · **To what, where:** wait

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This is Lamentations 3:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, bear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:63
# text = He is unto me as a bear lying in wait, as a lion in secret places.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	wait	wait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | man |  |  |  |  | unto me; as a bear as a lion in secret places | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie** | gerund | a bear as a lion in secret places *not said here* |  |  | wait |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in wait=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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דֹּ֣ב אֹרֵ֥ב הוּא֙ לִ֔י אֲרִ֖י בְּמִסְתָּרִֽים׃

[Lamentations 3:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.3.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:63` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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