---
title: Lamentations 3:16 (JPS 1917) — He hath also broken my teeth with gravel stones, He hath made me to… · tree and pragmatics
description: He hath also broken my teeth with gravel stones, He hath made me to wallow in ashes. Who acts: man, me. Lamentations 3:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.69/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/3/) / [3:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.3.16/) / JPS 1

# Lamentations 3:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He hath also broken my teeth with gravel stones, He hath made me to wallow in ashes.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** man, me · **What happens:** break, make, wallow · **To what, where:** teeth, me, ashes

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Lamentations 3:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, me), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:69
# text = He hath also broken my teeth with gravel stones, He hath made me to wallow in ashes.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	gravel	gravel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
14	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	wallow	wallow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present · perfect | man | my teeth |  |  |  | with gravel stones | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient with stone=Instrument |
| 2 | **make** | present · perfect | man | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **wallow** | to-infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  | ashes |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּגְרֵ֤ס בֶּֽחָצָץ֙ שִׁנָּ֔י הִכְפִּישַׁ֖נִי בָּאֵֽפֶר׃

[Lamentations 3:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.3.16/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:69` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Lamentations 3:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.68/)
- next →: [Lamentations 3:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.70/)
- ↑ back to [Lamentations 3:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.3.16/)