---
title: Lamentations 1:7 (JPS 1917) — Jerusalem remembereth in the days of her affliction and of her angui… · tree and pragmatics
description: Jerusalem remembereth in the days of her affliction and of her anguish all her treasures that she had from the days of old; now that her people fall by the hand of the adversary, and none doth help her, the adversaries have seen her, they have mocked at her desolations. Who acts: Jerusalem, people, 
---

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# Lamentations 1:7 · JPS 1917

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Jerusalem remembereth in the days of her affliction and of her anguish all her treasures that she had from the days of old; now that her people fall by the hand of the adversary, and none doth help her, the adversaries have seen her, they have mocked at her desolations.

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**Who acts:** Jerusalem, people, none, adversaries · **What happens:** remember, have, fall, help, see, mock · **To what, where:** treasures, Jerusalem, desolations

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This is Lamentations 1:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jerusalem, people, none, adversaries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:LAM:8
# text = Jerusalem remembereth in the days of her affliction and of her anguish all her treasures that she had from the days of old; now that her people fall by the hand of the adversary, and none doth help her, the adversaries have seen her, they have mocked at her desolations.
1	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	remembereth	remember	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	affliction	affliction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	anguish	anguish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	15	det:predet	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	treasures	treasure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obj	_	_
17	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	nmod	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
25	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	29	advmod	_	_
26	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
29	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
30	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	40	nsubj	_	_
39	doth	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	conj	_	_
41	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	obj	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	nsubj	_	_
45	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	aux	_	_
46	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
47	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	obj	_	_
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
49	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	51	nsubj	_	_
50	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	51	aux	_	_
51	mocked	mock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
52	at	at	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	54	nmod:poss	_	_
54	desolations	desolation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	obl	_	_
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | present | Jerusalem | Jerusalem's treasures |  |  | day |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent treasure=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | Jerusalem | Jerusalem's treasures |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient |
| 3 | **fall** | present | Jerusalem's people |  |  |  | now | by the hand of the adversary | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by hand=Location |
| 4 | **help** | present · do-support | none |  | Jerusalem |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **see** | present · perfect | the adversaries | Jerusalem |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus |
| 6 | **mock** | present · perfect | adversaries *= adversary* |  |  | Jerusalem's desolations |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **afflict** |  | Jerusalem |  |  |  |  |  | nom affliction «state transitive»: poss=agent |
| 8 | **anguish** |  | Jerusalem |  |  |  |  |  | nom anguish «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 9 | **treasure** |  | Jerusalem |  |  |  |  |  | nom treasure «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
| 10 | **desolate** |  | Jerusalem |  |  |  |  |  | nom desolation «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
זָֽכְרָ֣ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם יְמֵ֤י עָנְיָהּ֙ וּמְרוּדֶ֔יהָ כֹּ֚ל מַחֲמֻדֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ מִ֣ימֵי קֶ֑דֶם בִּנְפֹ֧ל עַמָּ֣הּ בְּיַד־צָ֗ר וְאֵ֤ין עוֹזֵר֙ לָ֔הּ רָא֣וּהָ צָרִ֔ים שָׂחֲק֖וּ עַ֥ל מִשְׁבַּתֶּֽהָ׃ס

[Lamentations 1:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.7/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:LAM:8` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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