---
title: Nehemiah 6:16 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when all our enemies heard thereof, that all th… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, when all our enemies heard thereof, that all the nations that were about us feared, and were much cast down in their own eyes; for they perceived that this work was wrought of our God. Who acts: wall, enemies, nations. Nehemiah 6:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Nehemiah 6:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it came to pass, when all our enemies heard thereof, that all the nations that were about us feared, and were much cast down in their own eyes; for they perceived that this work was wrought of our God.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wall, enemies, nations · **What happens:** come, pass, hear, be, fear, cast down · **To what, where:** own eyes, work · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Nehemiah 6:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wall, enemies, nations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:NEH:139
# text = And it came to pass, when all our enemies heard thereof, that all the nations that were about us feared, and were much cast down in their own eyes; for they perceived that this work was wrought of our God.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
8	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	10	det:predet	_	_
9	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
12	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	17	det:predet	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	about	about	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	acl:relcl	_	_
22	feared	fear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
26	much	much	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	conj	_	_
28	down	down	ADV	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
31	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
34	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
35	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
37	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
38	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	39	det	_	_
39	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj:pass	_	_
40	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux:pass	_	_
41	wrought	wrought	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	ccomp	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | wall |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | wall *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **hear** | past | our enemies |  |  |  |  | thereof *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **is** | past | all nations |  |  |  |  | about us | tree rules |
| 5 | **fear** | past | all nations |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **cast down** | past · passive | all nations *not said here* |  |  | nations's own eyes |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: in eye=Destination |
| 7 | **perceive** | past | enemies *= enemy* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 8 | **wrought** | past · passive |  | this work |  |  |  | of our God | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ כָּל־א֣וֹיְבֵ֔ינוּ וַיִּֽרְא֗וּ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִֽיבֹתֵ֔ינוּ וַיִּפְּל֥וּ מְאֹ֖ד בְּעֵינֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֚י מֵאֵ֣ת אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ נֶעֶשְׂתָ֖ה הַמְּלָאכָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃

[Nehemiah 6:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.6.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:NEH:139` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Nehemiah 6:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.138/)
- next →: [Nehemiah 6:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/NEH.140/)
- ↑ back to [Nehemiah 6:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.6.16/)